The Issue Of Pro Life - 1398 Words

Life is extremely precious and is something that should not be taken for granted. The trials each new day brings are exhilarating and capable of bringing one to tears, whether they be out of happiness or sadness. One of the greatest gifts presented to a couple is a child when a woman becomes pregnant. Far too many times, this gift is taken for granted because two people are not married or they do not want the child. In America, there is an on-going argument as to whether or not a pregnant woman, or her close family/friends, should be allowed to make a decision to kill a fetus while it is still forming in the woman’s womb, known as abortion. The pro-life debate ranges from more than just abortion, as it stretches into the â€Å"releasing† of†¦show more content†¦While many prevailing themes exist in The Giver, the novel’s rising action and climax center around saving young children that are deemed to be not good enough to live by the elite. In the society presented in The Giver, deliberate killing of individuals the elite members feel are â€Å"not worthy† is not considered murder; instead it is considered â€Å"release†. The members do everything in their power to ensure that babies are born perfect. They even go as far as to having engineers create the â€Å"right† kind of baby, one that fits within the society and is the same as the others. Twins cannot exist in the society, for no two people can look alike. In a lighthearted chapter of the novel, Lowry describes a scene through the lens of pro-life. Two workers in the Nurturing Center are weighing a set of twins, the baby that weighs lower than the other will be â€Å"released† from the society. Both of the workers actually joke about this process and place bets on which child they think will â€Å"win† the contest. Soon we see what â€Å"release† really is when the Giver lets Jonas see the scene of release, which is at the hand of Jonas ’ father, a worker in the Nurturing Center. While sticking a long needle in the baby’s forehead, Jonas’ father says, â€Å"Bye, bye little guy† in a song voice before killing the baby. This child died because he weighed a little less than his twin brother. As Jonas witnesses the scene, he is horrified, saying, â€Å"He killed him!† The

Angels Demons Chapter 74-79 Free Essays

74 Langdon saw what he was looking for a good ten yards before they reached it. Through the scattered tourists, the white marble ellipse of Bernini’s West Ponente stood out against the gray granite cubes that made up the rest of the piazza. Vittoria apparently saw it too. We will write a custom essay sample on Angels Demons Chapter 74-79 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her hand tensed. â€Å"Relax,† Langdon whispered. â€Å"Do your piranha thing.† Vittoria loosened her grip. As they drew nearer, everything seemed forbiddingly normal. Tourists wandered, nuns chatted along the perimeter of the piazza, a girl fed pigeons at the base of the obelisk. Langdon refrained from checking his watch. He knew it was almost time. The elliptical stone arrived beneath their feet, and Langdon and Vittoria slowed to a stop – not overeagerly – just two tourists pausing dutifully at a point of mild interest. â€Å"West Ponente,† Vittoria said, reading the inscription on the stone. Langdon gazed down at the marble relief and felt suddenly naive. Not in his art books, not in his numerous trips to Rome, not ever had West Ponente’s significance jumped out at him. Not until now. The relief was elliptical, about three feet long, and carved with a rudimentary face – a depiction of the West Wind as an angel-like countenance. Gusting from the angel’s mouth, Bernini had drawn a powerful breath of air blowing outward away from the Vatican†¦ the breath of God. This was Bernini’s tribute to the second element†¦ Air†¦ an ethereal zephyr blown from angel’s lips. As Langdon stared, he realized the significance of the relief went deeper still. Bernini had carved the air in five distinct gusts†¦ five! What was more, flanking the medallion were two shining stars. Langdon thought of Galileo. Two stars, five gusts, ellipses, symmetry†¦ He felt hollow. His head hurt. Vittoria began walking again almost immediately, leading Langdon away from the relief. â€Å"I think someone’s following us,† she said. Langdon looked up. â€Å"Where?† Vittoria moved a good thirty yards before speaking. She pointed up at the Vatican as if showing Langdon something on the dome. â€Å"The same person has been behind us all the way across the square.† Casually, Vittoria glanced over her shoulder. â€Å"Still on us. Keep moving.† â€Å"You think it’s the Hassassin?† Vittoria shook her head. â€Å"Not unless the Illuminati hires women with BBC cameras.† When the bells of St. Peter’s began their deafening clamor, both Langdon and Vittoria jumped. It was time. They had circled away from West Ponente in an attempt to lose the reporter but were now moving back toward the relief. Despite the clanging bells, the area seemed perfectly calm. Tourists wandered. A homeless drunk dozed awkwardly at the base of the obelisk. A little girl fed pigeons. Langdon wondered if the reporter had scared the killer off. Doubtful, he decided, recalling the killer’s promise. I will make your cardinals media luminaries. As the echo of the ninth bell faded away, a peaceful silence descended across the square. Then†¦ the little girl began to scream. 75 Langdon was the first to reach the screaming girl. The terrified youngster stood frozen, pointing at the base of the obelisk where a shabby, decrepit drunk sat slumped on the stairs. The man was a miserable sight†¦ apparently one of Rome’s homeless. His gray hair hung in greasy strands in front of his face, and his entire body was wrapped in some sort of dirty cloth. The girl kept screaming as she scampered off into the crowd. Langdon felt an upsurge of dread as he dashed toward the invalid. There was a dark, widening stain spreading across the man’s rags. Fresh, flowing blood. Then, it was as if everything happened at once. The old man seemed to crumple in the middle, tottering forward. Langdon lunged, but he was too late. The man pitched forward, toppled off the stairs, and hit the pavement facedown. Motionless. Langdon dropped to his knees. Vittoria arrived beside him. A crowd was gathering. Vittoria put her fingers on the man’s throat from behind. â€Å"There’s a pulse,† she declared. â€Å"Roll him.† Langdon was already in motion. Grasping the man’s shoulders, he rolled the body. As he did, the loose rags seemed to slough away like dead flesh. The man flopped limp onto his back. Dead center of his naked chest was a wide area of charred flesh. Vittoria gasped and pulled back. Langdon felt paralyzed, pinned somewhere between nausea and awe. The symbol had a terrifying simplicity to it. Angels Demons â€Å"Air,† Vittoria choked. â€Å"It’s†¦ him.† Swiss Guards appeared from out of nowhere, shouting orders, racing after an unseen assassin. Nearby, a tourist explained that only minutes ago, a dark-skinned man had been kind enough to help this poor, wheezing, homeless man across the square†¦ even sitting a moment on the stairs with the invalid before disappearing back into the crowd. Vittoria ripped the rest of the rags off the man’s abdomen. He had two deep puncture wounds, one on either side of the brand, just below his rib cage. She cocked the man’s head back and began to administer mouth to mouth. Langdon was not prepared for what happened next. As Vittoria blew, the wounds on either side of the man’s midsection hissed and sprayed blood into the air like blowholes on a whale. The salty liquid hit Langdon in the face. Vittoria stopped short, looking horrified. â€Å"His lungs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she stammered. â€Å"They’re†¦ punctured.† Langdon wiped his eyes as he looked down at the two perforations. The holes gurgled. The cardinal’s lungs were destroyed. He was gone. Vittoria covered the body as the Swiss Guards moved in. Langdon stood, disoriented. As he did, he saw her. The woman who had been following them earlier was crouched nearby. Her BBC video camera was shouldered, aimed, and running. She and Langdon locked eyes, and he knew she’d gotten it all. Then, like a cat, she bolted. 76 Chinita Macri was on the run. She had the story of her life. Her video camera felt like an anchor as she lumbered across St. Peter’s Square, pushing through the gathering crowd. Everyone seemed to be moving in the opposite direction than her†¦ toward the commotion. Macri was trying to get as far away as possible. The man in the tweed jacket had seen her, and now she sensed others were after her, men she could not see, closing in from all sides. Macri was still aghast from the images she had just recorded. She wondered if the dead man was really who she feared he was. Glick’s mysterious phone contact suddenly seemed a little less crazy. As she hurried in the direction of the BBC van, a young man with a decidedly militaristic air emerged from the crowd before her. Their eyes met, and they both stopped. Like lightning, he raised a walkie-talkie and spoke into it. Then he moved toward her. Macri wheeled and doubled back into the crowd, her heart pounding. As she stumbled through the mass of arms and legs, she removed the spent video cassette from her camera. Cellulose gold, she thought, tucking the tape under her belt flush to her backside and letting her coat tails cover it. For once she was glad she carried some extra weight. Glick, where the hell are you! Another soldier appeared to her left, closing in. Macri knew she had little time. She banked into the crowd again. Yanking a blank cartridge from her case, she slapped it into the camera. Then she prayed. She was thirty yards from the BBC van when the two men materialized directly in front of her, arms folded. She was going nowhere. â€Å"Film,† one snapped. â€Å"Now.† Macri recoiled, wrapping her arms protectively around her camera. â€Å"No chance.† One of the men pulled aside his jacket, revealing a sidearm. â€Å"So shoot me,† Macri said, amazed by the boldness of her voice. â€Å"Film,† the first one repeated. Where the devil is Glick? Macri stamped her foot and yelled as loudly as possible, â€Å"I am a professional videographer with the BBC! By Article 12 of the Free Press Act, this film is property of the British Broadcast Corporation!† The men did not flinch. The one with the gun took a step toward her. â€Å"I am a lieutenant with the Swiss Guard, and by the Holy Doctrine governing the property on which you are now standing, you are subject to search and seizure.† A crowd had started to gather now around them. Macri yelled, â€Å"I will not under any circumstances give you the film in this camera without speaking to my editor in London. I suggest you – â€Å" The guards ended it. One yanked the camera out of her hands. The other forcibly grabbed her by the arm and twisted her in the direction of the Vatican. â€Å"Grazie,† he said, leading her through a jostling crowd. Macri prayed they would not search her and find the tape. If she could somehow protect the film long enough to – Suddenly, the unthinkable happened. Someone in the crowd was groping under her coat. Macri felt the video yanked away from her. She wheeled, but swallowed her words. Behind her, a breathless Gunther Glick gave her a wink and dissolved back into the crowd. 77 Robert Langdon staggered into the private bathroom adjoining the Office of the Pope. He dabbed the blood from his face and lips. The blood was not his own. It was that of Cardinal Lamasse, who had just died horribly in the crowded square outside the Vatican. Virgin sacrifices on the altars of science. So far, the Hassassin had made good on his threat. Langdon felt powerless as he gazed into the mirror. His eyes were drawn, and stubble had begun to darken his cheeks. The room around him was immaculate and lavish – black marble with gold fixtures, cotton towels, and scented hand soaps. Langdon tried to rid his mind of the bloody brand he had just seen. Air. The image stuck. He had witnessed three ambigrams since waking up this morning†¦ and he knew there were two more coming. Outside the door, it sounded as if Olivetti, the camerlegno, and Captain Rocher were debating what to do next. Apparently, the antimatter search had turned up nothing so far. Either the guards had missed the canister, or the intruder had gotten deeper inside the Vatican than Commander Olivetti had been willing to entertain. Langdon dried his hands and face. Then he turned and looked for a urinal. No urinal. Just a bowl. He lifted the lid. As he stood there, tension ebbing from his body, a giddy wave of exhaustion shuddered through his core. The emotions knotting his chest were so many, so incongruous. He was fatigued, running on no food or sleep, walking the Path of Illumination, traumatized by two brutal murders. Langdon felt a deepening horror over the possible outcome of this drama. Think, he told himself. His mind was blank. As he flushed, an unexpected realization hit him. This is the Pope’s toilet, he thought. I just took a leak in the Pope’s toilet. He had to chuckle. The Holy Throne. 78 In London, a BBC technician ejected a video cassette from a satellite receiver unit and dashed across the control room floor. She burst into the office of the editor-in-chief, slammed the video into his VCR, and pressed play. As the tape rolled, she told him about the conversation she had just had with Gunther Glick in Vatican City. In addition, BBC photo archives had just given her a positive ID on the victim in St. Peter’s Square. When the editor-in-chief emerged from his office, he was ringing a cowbell. Everything in editorial stopped. â€Å"Live in five!† the man boomed. â€Å"On-air talent to prep! Media coordinators, I want your contacts on line! We’ve got a story we’re selling! And we’ve got film!† The market coordinators grabbed their Rolodexes. â€Å"Film specs!† one of them yelled. â€Å"Thirty-second trim,† the chief replied. â€Å"Content?† â€Å"Live homicide.† The coordinators looked encouraged. â€Å"Usage and licensing price?† â€Å"A million U.S. per.† Heads shot up. â€Å"What!† â€Å"You heard me! I want top of the food chain. CNN, MSNBC, then the big three! Offer a dial-in preview. Give them five minutes to piggyback before BBC runs it.† â€Å"What the hell happened?† someone demanded. â€Å"The prime minister get skinned alive?† The chief shook his head. â€Å"Better.† At that exact instant, somewhere in Rome, the Hassassin enjoyed a fleeting moment of repose in a comfortable chair. He admired the legendary chamber around him. I am sitting in the Church of Illumination, he thought. The Illuminati lair. He could not believe it was still here after all of these centuries. Dutifully, he dialed the BBC reporter to whom he had spoken earlier. It was time. The world had yet to hear the most shocking news of all. 79 Vittoria Vetra sipped a glass of water and nibbled absently at some tea scones just set out by one of the Swiss Guards. She knew she should eat, but she had no appetite. The Office of the Pope was bustling now, echoing with tense conversations. Captain Rocher, Commander Olivetti, and half a dozen guards assessed the damage and debated the next move. Robert Langdon stood nearby staring out at St. Peter’s Square. He looked dejected. Vittoria walked over. â€Å"Ideas?† He shook his head. â€Å"Scone?† His mood seemed to brighten at the sight of food. â€Å"Hell yes. Thanks.† He ate voraciously. The conversation behind them went quiet suddenly when two Swiss Guards escorted Camerlegno Ventresca through the door. If the chamberlain had looked drained before, Vittoria thought, now he looked empty. â€Å"What happened?† the camerlegno said to Olivetti. From the look on the camerlegno’s face, he appeared to have already been told the worst of it. Olivetti’s official update sounded like a battlefield casualty report. He gave the facts with flat efficacy. â€Å"Cardinal Ebner was found dead in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo just after eight o’clock. He had been suffocated and branded with the ambigrammatic word ‘Earth.’ Cardinal Lamasse was murdered in St. Peter’s Square ten minutes ago. He died of perforations to the chest. He was branded with the word ‘Air,’ also ambigrammatic. The killer escaped in both instances.† The camerlegno crossed the room and sat heavily behind the Pope’s desk. He bowed his head. â€Å"Cardinals Guidera and Baggia, however, are still alive.† The camerlegno’s head shot up, his expression pained. â€Å"This is our consolation? Two cardinals have been murdered, commander. And the other two will obviously not be alive much longer unless you find them.† â€Å"We will find them,† Olivetti assured. â€Å"I am encouraged.† â€Å"Encouraged? We’ve had nothing but failure.† â€Å"Untrue. We’ve lost two battles, signore, but we’re winning the war. The Illuminati had intended to turn this evening into a media circus. So far we have thwarted their plan. Both cardinals’ bodies have been recovered without incident. In addition,† Olivetti continued, â€Å"Captain Rocher tells me he is making excellent headway on the antimatter search.† Captain Rocher stepped forward in his red beret. Vittoria thought he looked more human somehow than the other guards – stern but not so rigid. Rocher’s voice was emotional and crystalline, like a violin. â€Å"I am hopeful we will have the canister for you within an hour, signore.† â€Å"Captain,† the camerlegno said, â€Å"excuse me if I seem less than hopeful, but I was under the impression that a search of Vatican City would take far more time than we have.† â€Å"A full search, yes. However, after assessing the situation, I am confident the antimatter canister is located in one of our white zones – those Vatican sectors accessible to public tours – the museums and St. Peter’s Basilica, for example. We have already killed power in those zones and are conducting our scan.† â€Å"You intend to search only a small percentage of Vatican City?† â€Å"Yes, signore. It is highly unlikely that an intruder gained access to the inner zones of Vatican City. The fact that the missing security camera was stolen from a public access area – a stairwell in one of the museums – clearly implies that the intruder had limited access. Therefore he would only have been able to relocate the camera and antimatter in another public access area. It is these areas on which we are focusing our search.† â€Å"But the intruder kidnapped four cardinals. That certainly implies deeper infiltration than we thought.† â€Å"Not necessarily. We must remember that the cardinals spent much of today in the Vatican museums and St. Peter’s Basilica, enjoying those areas without the crowds. It is probable that the missing cardinals were taken in one of these areas.† â€Å"But how were they removed from our walls?† â€Å"We are still assessing that.† â€Å"I see.† The camerlegno exhaled and stood up. He walked over to Olivetti. â€Å"Commander, I would like to hear your contingency plan for evacuation.† â€Å"We are still formalizing that, signore. In the meantime, I am faithful Captain Rocher will find the canister.† Rocher clicked his boots as if in appreciation of the vote of confidence. â€Å"My men have already scanned two-thirds of the white zones. Confidence is high.† The camerlegno did not appear to share that confidence. At that moment the guard with a scar beneath one eye came through the door carrying a clipboard and a map. He strode toward Langdon. â€Å"Mr. Langdon? I have the information you requested on the West Ponente.† Langdon swallowed his scone. â€Å"Good. Let’s have a look.† The others kept talking while Vittoria joined Robert and the guard as they spread out the map on the Pope’s desk. The soldier pointed to St. Peter’s Square. â€Å"This is where we are. The central line of West Ponente’s breath points due east, directly away from Vatican City.† The guard traced a line with his finger from St. Peter’s Square across the Tiber River and up into the heart of old Rome. â€Å"As you can see, the line passes through almost all of Rome. There are about twenty Catholic churches that fall near this line.† Langdon slumped. â€Å"Twenty?† â€Å"Maybe more.† â€Å"Do any of the churches fall directly on the line?† â€Å"Some look closer than others,† the guard said, â€Å"but translating the exact bearing of the West Ponente onto a map leaves margin for error.† Langdon looked out at St. Peter’s Square a moment. Then he scowled, stroking his chin. â€Å"How about fire? Any of them have Bernini artwork that has to do with fire?† Silence. â€Å"How about obelisks?† he demanded. â€Å"Are any of the churches located near obelisks?† The guard began checking the map. Vittoria saw a glimmer of hope in Langdon’s eyes and realized what he was thinking. He’s right! The first two markers had been located on or near piazzas that contained obelisks! Maybe obelisks were a theme? Soaring pyramids marking the Illuminati path? The more Vittoria thought about it, the more perfect it seemed†¦ four towering beacons rising over Rome to mark the altars of science. â€Å"It’s a long shot,† Langdon said, â€Å"but I know that many of Rome’s obelisks were erected or moved during Bernini’s reign. He was no doubt involved in their placement.† â€Å"Or,† Vittoria added, â€Å"Bernini could have placed his markers near existing obelisks.† Langdon nodded. â€Å"True.† â€Å"Bad news,† the guard said. â€Å"No obelisks on the line.† He traced his finger across the map. â€Å"None even remotely close. Nothing.† Langdon sighed. Vittoria’s shoulders slumped. She’d thought it was a promising idea. Apparently, this was not going to be as easy as they’d hoped. She tried to stay positive. â€Å"Robert, think. You must know of a Bernini statue relating to fire. Anything at all.† â€Å"Believe me, I’ve been thinking. Bernini was incredibly prolific. Hundreds of works. I was hoping West Ponente would point to a single church. Something that would ring a bell.† â€Å"Fuco,† she pressed. â€Å"Fire. No Bernini titles jump out?† Langdon shrugged. â€Å"There’s his famous sketches of Fireworks, but they’re not sculpture, and they’re in Leipzig, Germany.† Vittoria frowned. â€Å"And you’re sure the breath is what indicates the direction?† â€Å"You saw the relief, Vittoria. The design was totally symmetrical. The only indication of bearing was the breath.† Vittoria knew he was right. â€Å"Not to mention,† he added, â€Å"because the West Ponente signifies Air, following the breath seems symbolically appropriate.† Vittoria nodded. So we follow the breath. But where? Olivetti came over. â€Å"What have you got?† â€Å"Too many churches,† the soldier said. â€Å"Two dozen or so. I suppose we could put four men on each church – â€Å" â€Å"Forget it,† Olivetti said. â€Å"We missed this guy twice when we knew exactly where he was going to be. A mass stakeout means leaving Vatican City unprotected and canceling the search.† â€Å"We need a reference book,† Vittoria said. â€Å"An index of Bernini’s work. If we can scan titles, maybe something will jump out.† â€Å"I don’t know,† Langdon said. â€Å"If it’s a work Bernini created specifically for the Illuminati, it may be very obscure. It probably won’t be listed in a book.† Vittoria refused to believe it. â€Å"The other two sculptures were fairly well-known. You’d heard of them both.† Langdon shrugged. â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"If we scan titles for references to the word ‘fire,’ maybe we’ll find a statue that’s listed as being in the right direction.† Langdon seemed convinced it was worth a shot. He turned to Olivetti. â€Å"I need a list of all Bernini’s work. You guys probably don’t have a coffee-table Bernini book around here, do you?† â€Å"Coffee-table book?† Olivetti seemed unfamiliar with the term. â€Å"Never mind. Any list. How about the Vatican Museum? They must have Bernini references.† The guard with the scar frowned. â€Å"Power in the museum is out, and the records room is enormous. Without the staff there to help – â€Å" â€Å"The Bernini work in question,† Olivetti interrupted. â€Å"Would it have been created while Bernini was employed here at the Vatican?† â€Å"Almost definitely,† Langdon said. â€Å"He was here almost his entire career. And certainly during the time period of the Galileo conflict.† Olivetti nodded. â€Å"Then there’s another reference.† Vittoria felt a flicker of optimism. â€Å"Where?† The commander did not reply. He took his guard aside and spoke in hushed tones. The guard seemed uncertain but nodded obediently. When Olivetti was finished talking, the guard turned to Langdon. â€Å"This way please, Mr. Langdon. It’s nine-fifteen. We’ll have to hurry.† Langdon and the guard headed for the door. Vittoria started after them. â€Å"I’ll help.† Olivetti caught her by the arm. â€Å"No, Ms. Vetra. I need a word with you.† His grasp was authoritative. Langdon and the guard left. Olivetti’s face was wooden as he took Vittoria aside. But whatever it was Olivetti had intended to say to her, he never got the chance. His walkie-talkie crackled loudly. â€Å"Commandante?† Everyone in the room turned. The voice on the transmitter was grim. â€Å"I think you better turn on the television.† How to cite Angels Demons Chapter 74-79, Essay examples

Essay Examples on Causes of the Civil War Essay Example

Essay Examples on Causes of the Civil War Paper 1st Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War The tensions between the North and South were really high because of the dispute of slavery in the new territories.The North, who was more industrial, wanted the new territories to be free of slavery. On the other hand the South, who was more agricultural, wanted slavery to be prominent in the new territories. Considering this, the three main decisions and actions that lead up to the Civil War was the dispute over slavery in the new territories, the Kansas and Nebraska act/bleeding Kansas, and the election of Abraham Lincoln. The First and and one of the substantial factors contributing to the Civil War was the dispute over slavery in the new territories.Originally the North and the South agreed on the Missouri compromise which entailed that all the territory above the border between Missouri and Arkansas (36th Parallel)would be free of slaves, excluding the already slave state of Missouri; leaving the South with the remaining territory below the border of Missouri and Arkansas.This plan worked for about fifteen years until California applied for statehood. California’s constitution prohibited slavery which outraged the South because most of the giant state was below the 36th Parallel.So, two Senators, Henry Clay and Stephen Douglas proposed a compromise called the Compromise of 1850.This compromise stated that instead boundaries for slave and free states, the states had a choice on which side they wanted their state to be on.But this plan only applied to the new territory soon to become states. S o the New Mexico and the Utah territory now had the ability to choose whether they wanted to be a free or slave.Just like Utah and New Mexico, California now had a choice to be a slave or free state with now alterations. So, California voted and ended up becoming a free state like they wanted to in the beginning. This lead to many people rushing to the territories, trying to make the new territory free or slave. 2nd Essay Sample on causes of the civil war We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Causes of the Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Causes of the Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Causes of the Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The American Civil War was a military conflict between the United States of America (the Union), and 11 secessionist Southern states, organized as the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy).It was the culmination of four decades of intense sectional conflict and it reflected deep-seated economic, social, and political differences between the North and the South.One of the major causes of the Civil War was the seemingly endless political disputes over slavery in the Mexican Cession and Louisiana Purchase territories.It was imperative that the Democratic and Whig political leaders maintain harmony between their Southern and Northern supporters, thus, the platforms of both during presidential elections like that of 1848 tried to avoid that particular slavery question.However, the extension of slavery into the new territories was one of the largest issues of the time, and with growing opposition from the North, evasion of it became increasingly difficult.Another significant cau se of the war was the growth of different responses to antislavery practices such as the Underground Railroad and reactions to runaway slaves and the Fugitive Slave laws that spurred from all sections of the country.Finally, there was the economic distress factor, of both foreign and domestic roots, that included everything from tariffs to the financial crash of 1857.These in turn caused sectional disputes over the use of the federal governments public lands. In early 1848, when gold was discovered in California, a horde of adventurers poured into the valleys.Free-soilers and slaveryites argued over the proposed issue of slavery in the territories, and thus, whether the terrain itself was suitable for a slave economy. 3rd Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War Discuss the view that secession, rather than slavery caused the Civil War Although during the conflict both the Unionists and Confederates may have strongly believed that secession was the sole cause of the war, we can see now that this is not the case. This is reinforced by Abraham Lincolns second inaugural address on March 4, 1865, in which he stated that slavery was, somehow, the cause of the war. This is due to slavery having been the prime reason for thefirst Southern states seceding, which in turn started the war. The fact that the Souths real reason for secession was slavery is stated plainly in theDeclarations of Causes of Seceding States of Georgia, which said We must either submit to degradation, and to the loss of property worth four billions of money, or we must secede form the Union framed by our fathers, to secure this as well as every other seecies of property. The question remains though, why did the Southerners feel that theirpeculiar institution was threatened? Linc oln may have said I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free†¦. It will become all one thing, or all the other, however, by this Lincoln did not mean the abolishment will be in a day, nor in a year, nor in two years. I do not suppose that in the most peaceful way ultimate extinction would occur in less than a hundred years at the least; but that it will occur in the best way for both races in Gods good time, I have no doubt. Instead, he and the Republican Party only wanted to halt slaverys further spread, forcing the remaining slavery to slowlywither and die. The Norths wish to stop the further spread of slavery was because of the territorial acquisitions which had added six states to the Union, five of them were slave ones. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War When the states united to form a national government, they could not envision the far-reaching changes that would overtake the continent in the next 100 years.The seeds sown in colonial times resulted in cultures of people as different as the landscapes they inhabited.This and the incredible growth of an ever more-educated population pushed their diversity to a breaking point. Could the weak union withstand the powerful divisions of economic necessity and manifest destiny as a single nation, or would issues such as slavery, inhibited economic development, discouraged education, and states rights shatter the dream’The answer would come in How will we live’The South, with its lush climate and vast tracts of fertile land was perfect for large plantations.The major cash crops were tobacco and cotton.†Cotton from the American south, grown mostly by slave labor, furnished three-fourths of the world’s supply† before the 1850’s.Southern staples provide d three-fifths of all American exports, earning foreign exchange that played an important part in American economic growth† (McPherson 39).The Western territories beckoned with promises prosperity and wealth. However, as the south envisioned expansion of their way of life into the west, the northern states were having increasingdifficulty reconciling the freedoms promised in the Constitution with the At the same time that the South developed a master/slave mentality, the North extended more freedoms to its population.The work force was diverse and well educated.The free laborer was not a slave to his job because he could take his talents where they would lead him.He had the opportunity to advance his station to one of ownership.In addition, the structure of the family was changing during this time. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War When the states united to form a national government, they could not envision the far-reaching changes that would overtake the continent in the next 100 years.The seeds sown in colonial times resulted in cultures of people as different as the landscapes they inhabited.This and the incredible growth of an ever more-educated population pushed their diversity to a breaking point. Could the weak union withstand the powerful divisions of economic necessity and manifest destiny as a single nation, or would issues such as slavery, inhibited economic development, discouraged education, and states rights shatter the dream’The answer would come in How will we live’The South, with its lush climate and vast tracts of fertile land was perfect for large plantations.The major cash crops were tobacco and cotton.†Cotton from the American south, grown mostly by slave labor, furnished three-fourths of the world’s supply† before the 1850’s.Southern staples provide d three-fifths of all American exports, earning foreign exchange that played an important part in American economic growth† (McPherson 39).The Western territories beckoned with promises prosperity and wealth. However, as the south envisioned expansion of their way of life into the west, the northern states were having increasingdifficulty reconciling the freedoms promised in the Constitution with the At the same time that the South developed a master/slave mentality, the North extended more freedoms to its population.The work force was diverse and well educated.The free laborer was not a slave to his job because he could take his talents where they would lead him.He had the opportunity to advance his station to one of ownership.In addition, the structure of the family was changing during this time. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War When the Civil War finally broke out, it was because of a build up of tension due to the conflict of slavery. The nation was divided into two sections, north and south, and the debate over whether the country was free or if slaves could be owned went on between them. Many elements were involved in the debate to alter the opinions of those arguing, and were major factors in the start of the war. These elements included the different events, people, and issues that contributed to the tension. Major events in the start of the war were those such as the Dred Scott Decision, the Kansas Nebraska Act, the Fugitive Slave Law, and the Election of President Lincoln. The Dred Scott Decision was a Supreme Court case of a slave named Dred Scott who was suing the state of Missouri so he would be freed because of his masters death. The court denied him his request and his rights to sue because slaves were not citizens of the country and not eligible to sue its courts. This was an important event because it helped bring slavery to an emotional level by making people in the north realize how the slaves were really only considered property. The Fugitive Slave Law also brought slavery to an emotional level. The law said that northerners must help return run away slaves. The northerners didnt like this because they felt they were helping to spread slavery. The passing of the Kansas Nebraska Act brought popular sovereignty to the union. People of the north and south started acting upon, what they felt was their duty, to influence those voting for whether the new state would be a free state or a slave state. Battles began over this and as a result came Bleeding Kansas, in which antislavery and proslavery settlers fought each other for the position of the state as a free or slave state. One of the most important events was the election of President Lincoln. When he was elected, the south was afraid he would abolish slavery. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War When the Civil War finally broke out, it was because of a build up of tension due to the conflict of slavery. The nation was divided into two sections, north and south, and the debate over whether the country was free or if slaves could be owned went on between them. Many elements were involved in the debate to alter the opinions of those arguing, and were major factors in the start of the war. These elements included the different events, people, and issues that contributed to the tension. Major events in the start of the war were those such as the Dred Scott Decision, the Kansas Nebraska Act, the Fugitive Slave Law, and the Election of President Lincoln. The Dred Scott Decision was a Supreme Court case of a slave named Dred Scott who was suing the state of Missouri so he would be freed because of his masters death. The court denied him his request and his rights to sue because slaves were not citizens of the country and not eligible to sue its courts. This was an important event because it helped bring slavery to an emotional level by making people in the north realize how the slaves were really only considered property. The Fugitive Slave Law also brought slavery to an emotional level. The law said that northerners must help return run away slaves. The northerners didnt like this because they felt they were helping to spread slavery. The passing of the Kansas Nebraska Act brought popular sovereignty to the union. People of the north and south started acting upon, what they felt was their duty, to influence those voting for whether the new state would be a free state or a slave state. Battles began over this and as a result came Bleeding Kansas, in which antislavery and proslavery settlers fought each other for the position of the state as a free or slave state. One of the most important events was the election of President Lincoln. When he was elected, the south was afraid he would abolish slavery. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War As members of the Futurist of America Association, we have been assigned to look specifically at the cause of the American Civil #War. There are five aspects that could of led to the Civil War and they are Westward Movement, Social Change, Froeign Policy Development, Government/Politics Development, and Economic Development. Out of the five aspects, Economic Development is the best reason for the eventual Civil War. First, Westward Movement could of led to American Civil War because of the Louisiana Purchase, Wilmont Proviso, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Popular Sovereignity, Compromise of 1850, Missouri Compromise, â€Å"Bleeding Kansas†,California Gold Rush, Manifest Destiny, and the Mistreatment of Native Americans. The Louisiana Purchase was done by President Jefferson because he wanted to doubled the size of the United States and to get control ofNew Orleans. Wilmont Proviso was to ban slaves from territories that might gbe aquired from Mexico. Kansas- Nebraska Act was the result of Douglas wanting to build railroads from Chicago to San Franciso. Douglas was a big believer in popular sovereignity, where the people have the right to decide if they want to be free of slave state, and he completely ignore the Missoure Compromise. The Compromise of 1850 stated that should be equal number of free and slave states. The Missouri Compromise said that any state above the latitude of 36 30†² can not be a slave state. â€Å"Bleeding Kansas† was where people were fighting over the issue of slavery and cost many American Lives. The California Gold Rust occurred when gold was discovered in California and people rushed out to California.When California apply for statehood, it cause huge problems because North and the South wanted control of the gold in the state. Manifest Destiny was where Americans believe that they had the right to expand westward. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War As members of the Futurist of America Association, we have been assigned to look specifically at the cause of the American Civil #War. There are five aspects that could of led to the Civil War and they are Westward Movement, Social Change, Froeign Policy Development, Government/Politics Development, and Economic Development. Out of the five aspects, Economic Development is the best reason for the eventual Civil War. First, Westward Movement could of led to American Civil War because of the Louisiana Purchase, Wilmont Proviso, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Popular Sovereignity, Compromise of 1850, Missouri Compromise, â€Å"Bleeding Kansas†,California Gold Rush, Manifest Destiny, and the Mistreatment of Native Americans. The Louisiana Purchase was done by President Jefferson because he wanted to doubled the size of the United States and to get control ofNew Orleans. Wilmont Proviso was to ban slaves from territories that might gbe aquired from Mexico. Kansas- Nebraska Act was the result of Douglas wanting to build railroads from Chicago to San Franciso. Douglas was a big believer in popular sovereignity, where the people have the right to decide if they want to be free of slave state, and he completely ignore the Missoure Compromise. The Compromise of 1850 stated that should be equal number of free and slave states. The Missouri Compromise said that any state above the latitude of 36 30†² can not be a slave state. â€Å"Bleeding Kansas† was where people were fighting over the issue of slavery and cost many American Lives. The California Gold Rust occurred when gold was discovered in California and people rushed out to California.When California apply for statehood, it cause huge problems because North and the South wanted control of the gold in the state. Manifest Destiny was where Americans believe that they had the right to expand westward. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War There were many causes of the Civil war.When you trim it down there are three main reasons for the civil war.They were sectionalism, unbalanced power, and last but not least Lincoln.Lincolns was the final insult the southerners would take, because of the formation of the Confederate States of America.The southern states did not feel or act like part of the Union.They were very behind in technology.Most of the population of the country was in the north; therefore the south had less power politically.Almost all of the southerners hated or disliked Lincoln. The southerners believed that they should have their own section ever since the slavery and industrial growth period, although the southerners was not loyal, productive, and giving to the entire Union.It was very productive in some means to itself.The south heavily supported and enforced state rights.The entire Unions laws and rights were mostly ignored by the south.The south believed that the north was exploiting them.The south bou ght most household equipment from the north.This gave the north most of the money from the south.The north hardly ever bought any trade from the south besides the occasional cotton and tobacco.The south blamed their loss of cycle of the money on the north, instead of themselves.The logical solution was to have the south build more industrial factories.The norths industry was rapidly climbing and growing at practically ten fold each day.The south however did not grow at all; it basically stayed at the same level for years.The geographical position and climate determined that the north would be most profitable from industrial businesses.The souths climate and position made it most profitable from agriculture, especially cotton and tobacco. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War There were many causes of the Civil war.When you trim it down there are three main reasons for the civil war.They were sectionalism, unbalanced power, and last but not least Lincoln.Lincolns was the final insult the southerners would take, because of the formation of the Confederate States of America.The southern states did not feel or act like part of the Union.They were very behind in technology.Most of the population of the country was in the north; therefore the south had less power politically.Almost all of the southerners hated or disliked Lincoln. The southerners believed that they should have their own section ever since the slavery and industrial growth period, although the southerners was not loyal, productive, and giving to the entire Union.It was very productive in some means to itself.The south heavily supported and enforced state rights.The entire Unions laws and rights were mostly ignored by the south.The south believed that the north was exploiting them.The south bou ght most household equipment from the north.This gave the north most of the money from the south.The north hardly ever bought any trade from the south besides the occasional cotton and tobacco.The south blamed their loss of cycle of the money on the north, instead of themselves.The logical solution was to have the south build more industrial factories.The norths industry was rapidly climbing and growing at practically ten fold each day.The south however did not grow at all; it basically stayed at the same level for years.The geographical position and climate determined that the north would be most profitable from industrial businesses.The souths climate and position made it most profitable from agriculture, especially cotton and tobacco. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War So was the Civil War about slavery?Absolutely.If the discrepancy over the issue of slavery had never come about, the South would not have discerned threat to its culture and the southern politicians would not have been as likely to seek their right to secede.But was slavery the only basis of war?No.It was also about the constitutional disagreement over whether or not a state had a right to leave the Union, and the continuation of antebellum southern culture.Although the majority of Southerners had little interest in slaves, slavery was a chief interest of Southern politicians and therefore the underlying cause of the Souths desire to seek independence and state right. Slavery was the source of the fiery debate only to be fueled by other issues.Basically the South wanted and needed it for survival of their economy, North saw it as an evil and that its existence in the South was a blot on the National honor.At this time the labor force in the South had about 4 million slaves.These sla ves were very valuable to the slaveholding planter class.They were a huge investment to Southerners and if taken away, could mean massive losses to everyone.Slaves were used in the cultivation of fields of tobacco, rice, and indigo, as well as many other jobs.The South especially needed more slaves at this time because of the growing cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin.Cotton production with slaves jumped from 178,000 bales in 1810 to over 3,841,000 bales in 1860.Within that time period of 50 years the number of slaves also rose from about 1,190,000 to over 4,000,000The plantation owners in the South could not understand why the North wanted slavery abolished that bad.Southerners compared it with the wage-slave system in the North.They said that the slaves were better cared for then the free factory workers in the North. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War So was the Civil War about slavery?Absolutely.If the discrepancy over the issue of slavery had never come about, the South would not have discerned threat to its culture and the southern politicians would not have been as likely to seek their right to secede.But was slavery the only basis of war?No.It was also about the constitutional disagreement over whether or not a state had a right to leave the Union, and the continuation of antebellum southern culture.Although the majority of Southerners had little interest in slaves, slavery was a chief interest of Southern politicians and therefore the underlying cause of the Souths desire to seek independence and state right. Slavery was the source of the fiery debate only to be fueled by other issues.Basically the South wanted and needed it for survival of their economy, North saw it as an evil and that its existence in the South was a blot on the National honor.At this time the labor force in the South had about 4 million slaves.These sla ves were very valuable to the slaveholding planter class.They were a huge investment to Southerners and if taken away, could mean massive losses to everyone.Slaves were used in the cultivation of fields of tobacco, rice, and indigo, as well as many other jobs.The South especially needed more slaves at this time because of the growing cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin.Cotton production with slaves jumped from 178,000 bales in 1810 to over 3,841,000 bales in 1860.Within that time period of 50 years the number of slaves also rose from about 1,190,000 to over 4,000,000The plantation owners in the South could not understand why the North wanted slavery abolished that bad.Southerners compared it with the wage-slave system in the North.They said that the slaves were better cared for then the free factory workers in the North. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War What led the Southern states to secede from the Union in 1860 and 1861? There were many factors that led to the 12 states secession from the Union.And yes, I said 12 states.Missouri seceded in 1861 only to rejoin the Union a short time later.These states had been a part of the Union for over 80 years.To dissolve these seemingly unpermiable bonds there had to be many differences in views on both sides. The election of 1860 was perhaps the most important election of all time. Both parties had already stated their positions on certain issues.They were on opposite ends of the spectrum on all issues; except the one that noted that there was great tension among the states.Each party was very militant in their support of certain issues including slavery.One issue was the admission of new slave territories into the Union.This was something the Republicans were very adamant about.They believed that slavery was wrong and should be outlawed.(Doc. 1) The Southern states took this as a direct hi t upon their lifestyle and culture.Slavery had been apart of the South for over 200 years. Slavery at the time was in decline among the Southern states; mostly because people realized how wrong it was to own another human being.But the North was to busy to realize this.The Republicans nominated a staunch abolitionist Abraham Lincoln for president. Lincoln declared that, Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free.This was in stark contrast to the opposing party.This party could not however,come up with a single candidate, and they split the ticket.Breckinridge represented the South while Douglas represented the other Democrats. By splitting the ticket they ruined any hope of ever beating Lincoln.Lincoln ran on the abolitionist platform.Many Southern states vowed to secede if Lincoln was elected President. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War What led the Southern states to secede from the Union in 1860 and 1861? There were many factors that led to the 12 states secession from the Union.And yes, I said 12 states.Missouri seceded in 1861 only to rejoin the Union a short time later.These states had been a part of the Union for over 80 years.To dissolve these seemingly unpermiable bonds there had to be many differences in views on both sides. The election of 1860 was perhaps the most important election of all time. Both parties had already stated their positions on certain issues.They were on opposite ends of the spectrum on all issues; except the one that noted that there was great tension among the states.Each party was very militant in their support of certain issues including slavery.One issue was the admission of new slave territories into the Union.This was something the Republicans were very adamant about.They believed that slavery was wrong and should be outlawed.(Doc. 1) The Southern states took this as a direct hi t upon their lifestyle and culture.Slavery had been apart of the South for over 200 years. Slavery at the time was in decline among the Southern states; mostly because people realized how wrong it was to own another human being.But the North was to busy to realize this.The Republicans nominated a staunch abolitionist Abraham Lincoln for president. Lincoln declared that, Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free.This was in stark contrast to the opposing party.This party could not however,come up with a single candidate, and they split the ticket.Breckinridge represented the South while Douglas represented the other Democrats. By splitting the ticket they ruined any hope of ever beating Lincoln.Lincoln ran on the abolitionist platform.Many Southern states vowed to secede if Lincoln was elected President. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War America has been through much in its existence.We got our nation started with the Revolutionary War.America had the slavery problem and of course the Civil War.We were thefirst to land on the moon.We have one of the strongest countries in the world today.America hasnt always been strong.In its early years America actually had a struggle. Americas government wasnt stable.Wars were putting the nation into debt, and taking the countrys men.America has had a bitter-sweet existence with lots of ups and downs. This report will be over the years from the start of America to the Civil War.I will show how America developed up into when the Civil War started, and how the way this country developed actually caused the Civil War, the worst war this country has ever been a part of.One of the big reasons for the Civil War was slavery. It was an everlasting question at this time period.There were many big events that had to do with slavery.I will tell how events such as the Dred Scott Case, Fugiti ve Slave Act, Missouri Compromise, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, and the Compromise of 1850 eventually led to the breakout of the Civil War.Another reason for disagreement between the states was how the government of the United States was being ran.There were problems of states rights, unfair legislature representation, there were also strict tariffs such as the Tariff of Abominations.There were other causes for the Civil War, such as the Gadsen Purchase and the political parties of the time.These are more random events. These events also contributed to the split of America. This report will show how strong America really is. After you get done reading this paper you will be amazed that we are still liveing in this great country, and that today America is a world power. Another Essay Sample on Causes of the Civil War America has been through much in its existence.We got our nation started with the Revolutionary War.America had the slavery problem and of course the Civil War.We were thefirst to land on the moon.We have one of the strongest countries in the world today.America hasnt always been strong.In its early years America actually had a struggle. Americas government wasnt stable.Wars were putting the nation into debt, and taking the countrys men.America has had a bitter-sweet existence with lots of ups and downs. This report will be over the years from the start of America to the Civil War.I will show how America developed up into when the Civil War started, and how the way this country developed actually caused the Civil War, the worst war this country has ever been a part of.One of the big reasons for the Civil War was slavery. It was an everlasting question at this time period.There were many big events that had to do with slavery.I will tell how events such as the Dred Scott Case, Fugiti ve Slave Act, Missouri Compromise, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, and the Compromise of 1850 eventually led to the breakout of the Civil War.Another reason for disagreement between the states was how the government of the United States was being ran.There were problems of states rights, unfair legislature representation, there were also strict tariffs such as the Tariff of Abominations.There were other causes for the Civil War, such as the Gadsen Purchase and the political parties of the time.These are more random events. These events also contributed to the split of America. This report will show how strong America really is. After you get done reading this paper you will be amazed that we are still liveing in this great country, and that today America is a world power. Another Essay Sample on causes of the civil war During the 1800s it was a time a time of a lot of turmoil between one country which was divided to North and South halves.This was the United States.The country was torn between one simple factor, slavery.This factor soon caused a war with in the country which would be known as the civil war.There were many key factors that led to this war, they are as follows: the great compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska act, Lincoln-Douglas debates, Uncle Toms Cabin, the Dred Scott Case, Bleeding Kansas, John Browns raid, the Elections of 1860, Abolitionist movements, the Wilmot Proviso, and lastly the firing at Fort Sumter.These were probably the most important factors in leading to the Civil War, and they all played huge roles in sparking the start of the war.In the following paragraphs you will find out how each of these factors contributed top the Civil War. The annexation of Texas and the gain of new territory from the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo sparked turmoil between the North and Sou th, concerning the slavery issue.This was immediately met with violent Southern opposition.Then when California asked for admittance it sparked another crisis.Another issue was the bordering of Texas.There was even some fear that the South may leave the union altogether.However, President Taylor did not feel the country was threatened; he favored admission of California as a free state and the same with New Mexico.There were also other arguments saying that the South should be given equal guarantees of equal position in the territories.Henry Clay proposed a series of measures be passed as an omnibus compromise bill.He gained a lot of support form Stephen Douglas. Another Essay Sample on causes of the civil war During the 1800s it was a time a time of a lot of turmoil between one country which was divided to North and South halves.This was the United States.The country was torn between one simple factor, slavery.This factor soon caused a war with in the country which would be known as the civil war.There were many key factors that led to this war, they are as follows: the great compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska act, Lincoln-Douglas debates, Uncle Toms Cabin, the Dred Scott Case, Bleeding Kansas, John Browns raid, the Elections of 1860, Abolitionist movements, the Wilmot Proviso, and lastly the firing at Fort Sumter.These were probably the most important factors in leading to the Civil War, and they all played huge roles in sparking the start of the war.In the following paragraphs you will find out how each of these factors contributed top the Civil War. The annexation of Texas and the gain of new territory from the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo sparked turmoil between the North and Sou th, concerning the slavery issue.This was immediately met with violent Southern opposition.Then when California asked for admittance it sparked another crisis.Another issue was the bordering of Texas.There was even some fear that the South may leave the union altogether.However, President Taylor did not feel the country was threatened; he favored admission of California as a free state and the same with New Mexico.There were also other arguments saying that the South should be given equal guarantees of equal position in the territories.Henry Clay proposed a series of measures be passed as an omnibus compromise bill.He gained a lot of support form Stephen Douglas.

What You Need to Know About Gables

What You Need to Know About Gables A gable is the triangular wall formed by a sloping roof. The roof is not the gable - the wall is the gable down to the roof line, but you generally need a gable roof to have a gable. Its common to name the triangular area made from a gambrel roof a gable, as well. Some definitions even include the end edges of the roof as part of the gable. When discussing gables with your architect or contractor, dont be shy about asking what their definition is. For example, some people call the gable wall as the wall on the gable side right down to the foundation. Others rightly call the gable wall as that part of the siding between the slopes of the roof. In general, the distinguishing feature of the gable is its triangular shape. Origins of the Word Gable Pronouned GAY-bull, the word gable may be derived from the Greek word kephalÄ“ meaning head. Gabel, the German word for a tined fork, seems to be a closer and more recent match to todays definition. One can imagine the impromptu construction projects at the German dining table using utensils to create primitive hut types of buildings - balancing forks, intertwined tines, into tent-like constructions. More Definitions of Gable the triangular portion of a wall defined by the sloping edges of the roof and a horizontal line between the eave line. Can also be a gabled dormer. - John Milnes Baker, AIA 1. The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building having a double-sloping roof, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. 2. A similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof or the like. - Dictionary of Architecture and Construction Types of Gables A building with a gable roof may be front-gabled, side-gabled, or cross-gabled. Like the illustration shown here, cross-gabled buildings have gables both on the front and on the side, created by a valley roof. Porches and dormers may be gabled. Gable dormers are actually specialized windows - or windows in gables. A pediment is a specific type of classical gable, less functionally dependent on the roof and more structurally useful atop a series of columns or as decoration above a door or window. Gables can extend above the roof line in fanciful designs or, more often, in parapets. The corbiestep is a parapet that can exaggerate the gable. Photos of gables show the varieties that can be found around the world. Different architectural styles, sizes, and decoration make this primitive architectural element come to life throughout the ages. The side gable is typical of Cape Cod style homes, and the front gable is common in many bungalows. Front and side gables are generally part of the Minimal Traditional style post-Depression homes from the mid-20th century. Katrina Cottages and the Katrina Kernel Cottage II are traditionally front-gabled. High-pitched gables are characteristic of Tudor style homes. Look for architectural details that often define a house style. The 1668 Turner-Ingersoll mansion in Salem, Massachusetts may be the most famous gabled house of all - the setting of Nathaniel Hawthornes 1851 novel The House of the Seven Gables. The Most Famous Gabled House Has Character How often have we driven by a house with two large front gables and felt that the eyes of the home, with raised brows, were inspecting our every move? The American author Nathaniel Hawthorne created such a character in his 19th century novel The House of the Seven Gables. The aspect of the venerable mansion has always affected me like a human countenance, says the books narrator in Chapter 1.  Like a human face? The deep projection of the second story gave the house such a meditative look, that you could not pass it without the idea that it had secrets to keep, and an eventful history to moralize upon. - Chapter 1 Hawthornes book makes us pause at these questions: What gives character to a home - and what architectural details make your home a character? It could be the gables. The house gables in Hawthornes 1851 book seem to interact with the other characters: But, as the sunlight left the peaks of the Seven Gables, so did the excitement fade out of Cliffords eyes. - Chapter 10 There was a vertical sundial on the front gable; and as the carpenter passed beneath it, he looked up and noted the hour. - Chapter 13 Nathaniel Hawthorne skillfully describes the gabled house as a living, breathing entity. The house, with all its gables, not only has character but also is a character in the novel. It breathes and is warmed by its burning (fireplace) heart: The house itself shivered, from every attic of its seven gables down to the great kitchen fireplace, which served all the better as an emblem of the mansions heart, because, though built for warmth, it was now so comfortless and empty. - Chapter 15 The human qualities of Hawthornes house create a haunting image. The gabled dwelling becomes the haunted house of New England storytelling. Can a house style or architectural detail get a reputation - like a person can get a reputation from behaviors? The American author Nathaniel Hawthorne suggests that it can. Nathaniel Hawthornes inspiration for the setting of his famous 1851 novel seems to be his cousins house in Salem, Massachusetts. What we know as The House of the Seven Gables was originally built in 1668 by a sea captain named John Turner. Sources American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, AIA, Norton, 1994, p. 173Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw-Hill, 1975, p. 223

See a Timeline of Gun Control in the United States

See a Timeline of Gun Control in the United States The gun control debate in the United States goes back to the nations founding, when the framers of the Constitution first wrote the Second Amendment, allowing private citizens to keep and bear arms. Gun control became a much bigger topic shortly after the November 22, 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Kennedys death increased public awareness of the relative lack of control over the sale and possession of firearms in America. Until 1968, handguns, rifles, shotguns, and ammunition were commonly sold over the counter and through mail-order catalogs and magazines to just about any adult anywhere in the nation. However, Americas history of federal and state laws regulating private ownership of firearms goes back much farther. 1791 The Bill of Rights, including the Second Amendment, gains final ratification. The Second Amendment reads: A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. 1837 Georgia passes a law banning handguns. The law is ruled unconstitutional by the  U.S. Supreme Court  and is thrown out. 1865 In a reaction to emancipation, several southern states adopt black codes which, among other things, forbid black persons from possessing firearms. 1871 The National Rifle Association (NRA) is organized around its primary goal of improving American civilians marksmanship in preparation for war. 1927 The  U.S. Congress  passes a law banning the mailing of concealable weapons. 1934 The  National Firearms Act of 1934, regulating the manufacture, sale and possession of fully automatic firearms like sub-machine guns is approved by Congress. 1938 The  Federal Firearms Act of 1938  places the first limitations on selling ordinary firearms. Persons selling guns are required to obtain a  Federal Firearms License, at an annual cost of $1, and to maintain records of the name and address of persons to whom firearms are sold. Gun sales to persons convicted of violent felonies were prohibited. 1968 The  Gun Control Act of 1968  is enacted for the purpose of â€Å"keeping firearms out of the hands of those not legally entitled to possess them because of age, criminal background, or incompetence.† The act regulates imported guns, expands the gun-dealer licensing and record-keeping requirements, and places specific limitations on the sale of handguns. The list of persons banned from buying guns is expanded to include persons convicted of any non-business related felony, persons found to be mentally incompetent, and users of illegal drugs. 1972 The federal  Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms  (ATF) is created, listing as part of its mission the control of illegal use and sale of firearms and the enforcement of Federal firearms laws. The ATF issues firearms licenses and conducts firearms licensee qualification and compliance inspections. 1977 The District of Columbia enacts an anti-handgun law which also requires registration of all rifles and shotguns within the District of Columbia. 1986 The  Armed Career Criminal Act  increases penalties for possession of firearms by persons not qualified to own them under the Gun Control Act of 1986. The Firearms Owners Protection Act (Public Law 99-308) relaxes some restrictions on gun and ammunition sales and establishes mandatory penalties for use of firearms during the commission of a crime. The Law Enforcement Officers Protection Act (Public Law 99-408) bans possession of cop killer bullets capable of penetrating bulletproof clothing. 1988 President Ronald Reagan signs the Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988, making it illegal to manufacture, import, sell, ship, deliver, possess, transfer, or receive any firearm that is not as detectable by walk-through metal detectors. The law prohibited guns not containing enough metal to trigger security screening machines found in airports, courthouses and other secure areas accessible to the public. 1989 California bans the possession of semiautomatic assault weapons following the massacre of five children on a Stockton, Calif., school playground. 1990 The Crime Control Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-647) bans the manufacturing and importing semiautomatic assault weapons in the United States. Gun-free school zones are established, carrying specific penalties for violations. 1994 The  Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act  imposes a five-day waiting period on the purchase of a handgun and requires that local law enforcement agencies conduct background checks on purchasers of handguns. The  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994  prohibits the sale, manufacture, importation, or possession of several specific types of assault-type weapons for a 10-year period. However, the law expires on September 13, 2004, after Congress fails to reauthorize it. 1997 The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of  Printz v. United States, declares the background check requirement of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act unconstitutional. The Florida Supreme Court upholds a jurys $11.5 million verdict against Kmart for selling a gun to an intoxicated man who used the gun to shoot his estranged girlfriend. Major American gun manufacturers voluntarily agree to include child safety trigger devices on all new handguns. June 1998 A Justice Department report indicates the blocking of some 69,000 handgun sales during 1997 when the Brady Bill pre-sale background checks were required. July 1998 An amendment requiring a trigger lock mechanism to be included with every handgun sold in the United States is defeated in the Senate. But the Senate approves an amendment requiring gun dealers to have trigger locks available for sale and creating federal grants for gun safety and education programs. October 1998 New Orleans becomes the first U.S. city to file suit against gunmakers, firearms trade associations, and gun dealers. The citys suit seeks recovery of costs attributed to gun-related violence. Nov. 12, 1998 Chicago files a $433 million suit against local gun dealers and makers alleging that oversupplying local markets provided guns to criminals. Nov. 17, 1998 A negligence suit against gunmaker Beretta brought by the family of a 14-year-old boy killed by another boy with a Beretta handgun is dismissed by a California jury. Nov. 30, 1998 Permanent provisions of the Brady Act go into effect. Gun dealers are now required to initiate a pre-sale criminal background check of all gun buyers through the newly created  National Instant Criminal Background Check  (NICS) computer system. Dec. 1, 1998 The NRA files suit in federal court attempting to block the FBIs collection of information on firearm buyers. Dec. 5, 1998 President  Bill Clinton  announces that the instant background check system had prevented 400,000 illegal gun purchases. The claim was called misleading by the NRA. January 1999 Civil suits against gunmakers seeking to recover costs of gun-related violence were filed in Bridgeport, Conn., and Miami-Dade County, Fla. April 20, 1999 At Columbine High School near Denver, students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shoot and kill 12 other students and a teacher, and wound 24 others before killing themselves. The attack renews debate on the need for more restrictive gun control laws. May 20, 1999 By a 51-50 vote, with the tie-breaker vote cast by  Vice President  Al Gore, the  U.S. Senate  passes a bill requiring trigger locks on all newly manufactured handguns and extending waiting period and background check requirements to sales of firearms at gun shows. Aug. 24, 1999 The Los Angeles County, Calif., Board of Supervisors votes 3-2 to ban the Great Western Gun Show, billed as the Worlds Largest Gun Show from the Pomona fairgrounds where it had been held for the last 30 years. Sept. 13, 2004 After lengthy and heated debate, Congress allows the 10-year-old Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 banning the sale of 19 types of military-style assault weapons to expire. December 2004 Congress fails to continue funding for President  George W. Bush’s  2001 gun control program,  Project Safe Neighborhoods. Massachusetts becomes the first state to implement an electronic instant gun buyer background check system with fingerprint scanning for gun licenses and gun purchases. January 2005 California bans the manufacture, sale, distribution or import of the powerful .50-caliber BMG, or Browning machine gun rifle. October 2005 President Bush signs the  Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act  limiting the ability of victims of crimes in which guns were used to sue firearms manufacturers and dealers. The law includes an amendment requiring all new guns to come with trigger locks. January 2008 In a move supported by both opponents and advocates of gun control laws, President Bush signs the  National Instant Criminal Background Check Improvement Act  requiring gun-buyer background checks to screen for legally declared mentally ill individuals, who are ineligible to buy firearms. June 26, 2008 In its landmark decision in the case of District of Columbia v. Heller, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment affirmed the rights of individuals to own firearms. The ruling also overturns a 32-year-old ban on the sale or possession of handguns in the District of Columbia. February 2010 A federal law signed by President  Barack Obama  took effect allowing licensed gun owners to bring firearms into national parks and wildlife refuges as long as they are allowed by state law. Dec. 9, 2013 The Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988, requiring that all guns must contain enough metal to be detectable by security screening machines was extended through 2035. July 29, 2015 In an effort to close the so-called â€Å"gun show loophole† allowing gun sales conducted without Brady Act background checks, U.S. Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) introduces the  Fix Gun Checks Act of 2015  (H.R. 3411), to require background checks for all gun sales, including sales made over the internet and at gun shows. June 12, 2016 President Obama again calls on Congress to enact or renew a law prohibiting the sale and possession of assault-style weapons and high-capacity ammunition magazines after a man identified as Omar Mateen kills 49 people in an Orlando, Fla., gay nightclub on June 12, using an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle. In a call to 911 he made during the attack, Mateen told police he had pledged his allegiance to the radical Islamic terrorist group ISIS. September 2017 A bill titled â€Å"Sportsmen Heritage and Recreational Enhancement Act,† or SHARE Act (H.R. 2406) advances to the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. While the main purpose of the bill is to expand access to public land for, hunting, fishing, and recreational shooting, a provision added by Rep. Jeff Duncan (R-S.C.) called The Hearing Protection Act would reduce the current federal restrictions on purchasing firearm silencers, or suppressors. Currently, the restrictions on silencer purchases are similar to those for machine guns, including extensive background checks, waiting periods, and transfer taxes. Duncan’s provision would eliminate those restrictions. Backers of Duncan’s provision argue that it would help recreational hunters and shooters protect themselves from hearing loss. Opponents say it would make it harder for police and civilians to locate the source of gunfire, potentially resulting in more casualties. Witnesses to the deadly mass shooting in Las Vegas on Oct. 1, 2017, reported that the gunfire coming from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Resort sounded like â€Å"popping† that was at first mistaken as fireworks. Many argue that the inability to hear the gunshots made the shooting even more deadly. Oct. 1, 2017 Barely over a year after the Orlando shooting, a man identified as Stephen Craig Paddock opens fire on an outdoor music festival in Las Vegas. Shooting from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel, Paddock kills at least 59 people and wounds more than 500 others.   Among the at least 23 firearms found in Paddock’s room were legally-purchased, semi-automatic AR-15 rifles which had been fitted with commercially-available accessories known as â€Å"bump stocks,† which allow semi-automatic rifles to be fired as if in fully-automatic mode of up to nine rounds per second. Under a law enacted in 2010, bump stocks are treated as legal, after-market accessories. In the aftermath of the incident, lawmakers on both sides of the aisle have called for laws specifically banning bump stocks, while others have also called for a renewal of the assault weapons ban. Oct. 4, 2017 Less than a week after the Las Vegas shooting, U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) introduces the â€Å"Automatic Gunfire Prevention Act† that would ban the sale and possession of bump stocks and other devices that allow a semiautomatic weapon to fire like a fully-automatic weapon. The bill states: â€Å"It shall be unlawful for any person to import, sell, manufacture, transfer or possess, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, a trigger crank, a bump-fire device or any part, combination of parts, component, device, attachment or accessory that is designed or functions to accelerate the rate of fire of a semiautomatic rifle but not convert the semiautomatic rifle into a machine gun.† Oct. 5, 2017 Sen. Feinstein introduces the  Background Check Completion Act. Feinstein  says the bill would close a loophole in the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Feinstein said: â€Å"Current law allows gun sales to proceed after 72 hours- even if background checks aren’t approved. This is a dangerous loophole that could allow criminals and those with mental illness to complete their purchase of firearms even though it would be unlawful for them to possess them.† The Background Check Completion Act would require that a background check be fully completed before any gun buyer who purchases a gun from a federally-licensed firearms dealer (FFL) can take possession of the gun. Feb. 21, 2018 Just days after the February 14, 2018, mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, President Donald Trump orders the Justice Department and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to review bump fire stocks- devices that allow a semi-automatic rifle to be fired similar to a fully-automatic weapon. Trump had previously indicated that he might support a new  federal regulation  banning the sale of such devices.   White House press secretary Sarah Sanders told reporters: â€Å"The President, when it comes to that, is committed to ensuring that those devices are- again, Im not going to get ahead of the announcement, but I can tell you that the president doesnt support use of those accessories.† On February 20, Sanders stated that the president would support â€Å"steps† to raise the current minimum age for buying military-style weapons, such as the AR-15- the weapon used in the Parkland shooting- from 18 to 21. â€Å"I think thats certainly something thats on the table for us to discuss and that we expect to come up over the next couple of weeks,† Sanders said.   July 31 2018 U.S. District Judge Robert Lasnik in Seattle issued a temporary restraining blocking the release of blueprints that could be used to produce untraceable and undetectable 3D-printable plastic guns. Assembled from ABS plastic parts, 3D guns are firearms that can be made with a computer-controlled 3D printer. The judge acted partly in response to a lawsuit filed against the federal government by several states to block the release of blueprints for 3D-printed plastic guns. Judge Lasnik’s order banned the Austin, Texas-based gun rights group Defense Distributed from allowing the public to download the blueprints from its website. â€Å"There is a possibility of irreparable harm because of the way these guns can be made,† Lasnik wrote. Before the restraining order, plans for assembling a variety of guns, including an AR-15-style rifle and a Beretta M9 handgun could be downloaded from the Defense Distributed website. Shortly after the restraining order was issued, President Donald Trump (realDonaldTrump) tweeted, â€Å"I am looking into 3-D Plastic Guns being sold to the public. Already spoke to NRA, doesn’t seem to make much sense!† The NRA said in a statement that anti-gun politicians and certain members of the press had wrongly claimed that 3D printing technology will allow for the production and widespread proliferation of undetectable plastic firearms. August 2019 In the wake of three mass shootings in Gilroy, Calif.; El Paso, Texas; and Dayton, Ohio in the span of two weeks that left a total of almost three dozen people dead, a new push was made in Congress for gun control measures. Among the proposals were stronger background checks and limits on high-capacity magazines. Red flag laws also were proposed to allow police or family members to file a court petition to remove firearms from individuals who might pose a danger to themselves or others.

Control Mechanisms Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Control Mechanisms Paper - Essay Example To that end, the manager is responsible for corrective actions are needed in order to ensure that the organization (or department) is on track in terms of meeting future goals and standards of performance (Frame, 2002; Starbucks Home Page 2007). The advantage of feedforward control is the ability to predict and change the system and its elements before they affect the system. Depending on the kind of information being sought, there are a variety of tracking devices that include budgets, sales data by product line or geography, production output, quality control measures, and so on. The weakness of this control method is that variations within the system must be perfectly identified. Like other organizations, Starbucks uses feedforward control with feedback control which helps to improve performance and productivity. Feedback control is the process of evaluating performance against a set of stated objectives. Feedback control points out flaws in strategy or product offering, as well as identify changing conditions that may require an adjustment in strategy. In order for feedback control to be effective, managers at all levels of the organization receive information that is both timely and unbiased. The advantage of feedback control is that it allows the organization to control unknown disturbances. Feedback control is often used as error-controlled regulation. The negative reaction to this control is that it needs a mistake or error to appear before a manager can take corrective actions (Frame, 2002; Starbucks Home Page 2007). Concurrent control is used in database system and helps the organization to ensure that all transactions and actions are executed concurrently without violations. The positive reaction is its immediate response. In contrast to other methods, concurrent control allows immediate changes and variations if

International Politics Conflict Paper Assignment Russia and the Essay

International Politics Conflict Paper Assignment Russia and the Ukraine - Essay Example The reasons for this unpredictability can be numerous and distorted, however there are some common motives how they govern their commitments when facing a challenge. The Soviet and U.S. behavior are classic cases produced in the history of world affairs. This case belongs to two countries that have a history of sharing resources on particular terms until from the past few years they have faced turbulence from the supplier. The particular transaction that seems to create a ripple effect is the transfer of Natural Gas between the countries, which is facing strict resource scarcity recently. On the surface it may seem clear that a greater power (Russia) would always have an upper hand in the deal and determine the fate of the relation of two countries. The study of International affairs helps us to teach complexities that even bring minor countries the weightage to determine their own terms. Ukraine although is not yet a member of the European Union, however is looking forward to tie in with NATO to serve its own defense for unforeseen political issues. The most immediate resistance close to the strength of Russia is the European Union. The EU altho ugh has the advantage of a greater voice, is still burdened with scarcity of natural resources. 82% of its entire consumption of oil and 57% of gas makes it the world’s leading importer of fuels. The major supplier for these fuels is Russia, and has been increasing after following strategic investments and agreements from Russia. There can be no definite decision to determine fate of the economic dependence, reason being there are many reasons behind this dependence. Ukraine, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania are some of the members which used to be a part of the Soviet Union, but they are still quite influenced by Russia today. This is possible by retaining economic dependence from Russia. However all members except Georgia and Ukraine have decided to join hands with the European Union to strengthen themselves particularly against Russian pressure, which explains why there has been conflict with Georgia and now Ukraine. Ukraine currently is depending on a natural gas deal that is not for the needs of Ukraine itself but a number of member states of the EU.3 Therefore Ukraine also serves as a transit country in terms of deliver the resource. Conflict starts when their prices increased by a large amount per thousand cubic meters. The rate was $179.50 in 2008 and now it has increased to $450 per thousand cubic meters.4 It is a sudden increase which was not expected nor would reflect intention of sound relations for unknown purpose. While these gas supply lines have been cut off it has brought notice to the EU, compelling it to research for alternate Energy solutions. Schelling explains in his book that the 'face' of a nation is a non-serious attitude towards political affairs. However there is definitely the 'image' of a country that is seriously taken and understood by other countries when we want to understand their expectations. It is a reaction caused to save a particular reputation of the country. Russia becomes a fitting example when already a number of ex-Soviet member states are attempting to individualize them and free